Immigration H-1B Visa - 1737 Words

In recent headlines, the H-1B visa has come become a debatable topic. The number of visas distributed to skilled workers (H-1B) and who receives them, and whether the United States should increase or decrease the amount. Currently, the H-1B visa system is structure to administer 65,000 H-1B visas (Services, H-1B Fiscal Years (FY) 2014 Cap Season). According to the United States Citizenship and Immigration, 124,000 petitions were received during the 2013 fiscal year. (Services, H-1B Fiscal Years (FY) 2014 Cap Season). Some are suggesting that we need more skilled immigrant labor within our country for innovative and entrepreneurial exploration, while others are opposed to such a change and would prefer a decrease in the number of†¦show more content†¦The costs and benefits current, native workers see when the number of H-1B visas distributed are increased, is depended on several factors. One factor is the age of the current, native worker. In a study conducted by Sari Pekkala Kerr, stated that there is a substitutionary effect, that occurs with young skilled immigrants workers, versus older, current native workers (4). This is a cost to older, current native workers, but a benefit for younger, current, native workers. Younger, current, native workers are more complementary to young, skilled immigrants. Another factor is the skill set held, by the current, native worker. By having more skilled workers, generally speaking, regardless of citizen or immigration, will increase the productivity and innovation in the firm. This is a benefit for specialized, current, native workers. Skilled, immigrants see costs and benefits when the number of H-1B visas distributed increase. The costs associated with working in the United States, is through labor force participation and taxes, which include income, Social Security, and Medicare taxes (West). Also, by having more skilled, immigrants, they make higher wages, therefore paying more in items, such as food, housing, entertainment, commercial services, etc. (West). The benefit skilled, immigrant workers receive is the ability to use and apply the knowledge they haveShow MoreRelatedUnited States Should Increase The Visa Cap2834 Words   |  12 Pages The H-1B visa, originally created to streamline admissions of temporary foreign workers to the United States, has become a topic of much debate between the foes of immigration and the information technology (IT) industry. The debate is focused on whether to increase the visa cap in order to alleviate what the industry describes as a shortage of IT labor. This argument, however, obscures the fundamental flaw of the H-1B program that deserves a more prudent examination. The current H-1B visa programRead MoreStem : The H 1b Controversy Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesSTEM: The H-1B Controversy In recent years, there has been a push for reform in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), which are known as the basis for innovation and advancement on a global scale. These fields serve as a vital tool in America’s technological leadership, national security, and economic growth, making the federal government and policymakers invested in the success of STEM education and its workforce. This movement gained momentum when three reportsRead MoreAmerica s Potential, And Rising Above The Gathering Storm1749 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic achievement gaps in STEM, improve the quality of teachers, increase STEM labor supply, improve on international ranking assessments, produce more STEM degrees, and increase the number of H-1B visas issued. One of the most controversial subjects of the STEM movement is that companies are using H1-B visas to employ foreigners at cheaper rates rather than U.S. citizens. However, critics of the STEM movement arg ue that this is a strategic idea called â€Å"Brain Drain† where the U.S. is â€Å"draining† theRead MoreAn updated immigration bill, will be introduced by a group of cross-party senators, that will make1600 Words   |  7 PagesAn updated immigration bill, will be introduced by a group of cross-party senators, that will make an immense difference to non-immigrants requesting authorization to work in the United States under H-1B visa category (Issues in Science and Technology, 2006). The H-1B debate takes on a symbolic importance because it reveals conflicts and concerns with issues within America about unemployment and extending US control and opportunity. One may ask, â€Å"Why do we have immigration when unemployment isRead MoreQuota Based Immigration Essay4339 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿Patricia Tanona International Economics Final Term Paper The United States’ quota based immigration system weakens the country’s ability to sustain its position in the increasingly competitive global economy. Although the United States has a substantial flexible labor market, huge international corporations and some of the best universities in the world, it faces great competition in the global labor market. With the increasing economic opportunities available in industrialized countriesRead MoreAmerica s High Tech Sweatshops8571 Words   |  35 Pagesadvance their economies. By utilizing selective immigration policies, these economically advanced countries target highly educated, and skilled labor in foreign countries to meet their changing economic needs. The United States is no different and has utilized special guest worker programs to strengthen its workforce. These guest worker programs have sparked a host of controversial debates, especially during the 2016 presidential election. The H-1B visa program, a guest worker program that allows AmericanRead MoreThe Presidential Race Rages On By Donald Trump915 Words   |  4 Pages Senator Ted Cruz’s views on illegal immigration have changed over the course of the years and Donald Trump takes this opportunity to show people that the candidate they support is lying to them. As with most of the candidate, securing the board is a main goal. Cruz no long wants immigrants to come over to the United States, even with H-1B visa. â€Å"Specialty occupation visas (H-1Bs, H-1B1s, and E-3s) are the most popular category of non-immigrant visas. They are available for professional positionsRead MoreWhat Does It Mean?1244 Words   |  5 Pages What does it mean to immigrate? What is an immigrant? These are terms that need to be understood before deciding where immigration reform is needed. An immigrant, is a person who comes to a country to live there according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. To immigrate, is to, enter and usually become established; especially: to come into a country of which one is not native for permanent residence. Immigrants become involved economically, politically, and socially which cause problems for ourRead MoreImmigration : A Broken System1360 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration: A Broken System Megan Mazzella April 13, 2016 Immigration reform and how legal and illegal immigrants affect the United States’ economy is a much-debated topic. Skilled foreign workers are helping to create jobs, which stimulates America’s overall economic growth. The current visa process should be reformed to create even more jobs and economic growth. According to a report published by the National Foundation for American Policy, immigrants have founded more than half of America’sRead MoreImmigration : The Land Of Dreams1499 Words   |  6 Pagescome true. Most of them are immigrants. What is an immigrant? What makes someone an immigrant? Nowadays, an immigrant is a person who is not a citizen of the country he or she are living in and are on a visa or the lack of one. According to Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State, a visa is â€Å"...a travel document issued by the traveler’s country of citizenship.† It is a sticker that is applied on the passport and it gives one port of entry to legally enter the country that he or she has

The Hero Sojourner In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty Essay

The Hero Sojourner in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty In A Worn Path by: Eudora Welty, the main character emulates the necessary nuts and bolts of the archetypal journey as its hero; answers a call to an adventure, has to go through trials of fear, and ending with the retrieval of two prizes. Eudora Weltys short story A Worn Path takes place on a bright, frozen day in December. Representing a struggle, but most of all represents determination. Her name is Phoenix Jackson. This story is about sacrifice, Good versus Evil, and overcoming obstacles. She shows all the qualities of the Hero archetype and a Heros journey. Fate can take control of humans lives and can help humans reach the end of the challenging path. The path is a journey†¦show more content†¦Not only do these trees symbolizes the ups and downs but represent strengths and weaknesses. The oak is strong and not easily moved, meanwhile the Pine is more fragile and consistantly swaying. Illustrates how at first it seems as a lost cause turns into strength and will to go through this journey. Virisque adquirit eundo (Virgil) At every step she gathers strength. Life is like an obstacle course, consisting of obstacles in which have to be overcomed. (unknown author) This element of the archetypal hero employ various situations, symbols and characters for the character to go through many obstacles and trials. She talks to the bush stating Thorns, you doing your appointed work. Never want to let folks pass, no sir. Old eyes thought you was a pretty little green bush However, she manages to free herself from the thorn bush. Soon after, she faces a barbed-wire fence, which is not easy for anyone, but she gets through, again telling herself that she could not pay for having her arm or her leg sawed off. At one point, she is startled by a stray dog and falls into a ditch. Eventually, a hunter and his dog happen upon her and pull her out of the ditch. He also tries to prevent her from finishing her journey. He tells her that she is too old, and even tries to scare her with his gun. At that point the man says, you must be a hundred years old, and sc ared of nothing...you take my advice and

Report on Volunteer Tourism

Question: Create an STP plan for Australian Tourist Market. Answer: Executive Summary This is a research report on the development of a STP or Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning plan for the Orangutan Foundation which is actually an orangutan conservation organization. The various benefits of volunteer tours has been identified and linked with the STP plan for Orangutan Foundation. This way conservation of natural environment along with the efforts for developing local communities and educate them has been identified as among the various benefits of volunteer tours. Along with that the selection procedure for the Australians interested in the volunteer tour has been discussed so that the most appropriate person can be sent for the same. This way various abilities and pre-requisites are identified so as to select the Australians who are fit for the job. Background information a. Introduction This is a report on the volunteer tourism project that has been developed overtime in different countries with a view to preserve the natural environment and safeguard the interest of the people living in the backward or less economical developed areas, regions and countries. In this report the case of Orangutan foundation has been discussed where the volunteer tourists are sent from Australia with a view to support the noble cause of preserving the environment by fencing the natural habitat and along with that supporting the education programs for the local residents. b. About Orangutan Foundation The Orangutan Foundation is an orangutan conservation organization. The foundation is located in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Indonesian Borneo runs the volunteer tours in these area for construction of buildings and fences to protect the orangutan living in the wild from outsider approach. This organization has been protecting the natural habitats of various breeds of orangutan in Asian countries. They also work for the development of the local communities and spread of education in these areas. This organization does not only support the idea of saving orangutan but to recognize their habitat in the local and global communities so that the forests can be saved on which they are so dependent. Thus efforts are made in various directions including saving forest, preserving climate, delivering education along with the saving and recognition of the Orangutan habitat(OrangutanFoundation, 2015). c. About Volunteer tourism Volunteer tourism is an emerging trend in the tourism sector which attracts volunteers from different parts of the society to come ahead and work for the environment. The best thing is that these volunteers are offered holidays along with the responsibility that they are expected to deliver during the travel. This way the volunteers who want to have a life time of an experience of helping others, saving environment along with the enjoyment holidays participate in such Volunteer Tourism Programs. In Australia, there are a number of volunteer projects that are offered for the purpose of cultural immersion, seeking camaraderie, giving back to the world and bonding opportunities with the host(Leonard Onyx, 2009). d. Aim of report The aim of the report is to evaluate the various benefits that the volunteer tourism can yield to the Orangutan foundation. Also the various methods of selecting the Australians for the specific purpose has been discussed. Finally a STP or Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning plan has been discussed to make the volunteer tourism concept a big success in Australia by making appropriate selections and achievement of the desired goals in Orangutan foundation. e. Scope of report The Scope of the report includes the Australian public, specifically the people interested in volunteer tourism projects. Also the scope includes the Orangutan foundation projects that are meant to conserve natural environment and safeguard the interest of the local residence who need support of the western people to develop. Finally the scope includes the local people in the Indonesian region which lives near the area of operation of Orangutan foundation that are given educational and financial support to lead an improved life and learn about the outer world. Brief Literature review Volunteer tourism is actually organized by various Volunteer tourism organizations so that the potential volunteers can take the benefit in intrinsic and even extrinsic form from the experience they will have from the offer. Thus a number of reasons affect the decision of the volunteer in accepting the offer for volunteer tourism which includes family bonding, achieving cultural immersion and accomplishing an inner thrust of making a difference. Some of the volunteers may even accept the offer for getting camaraderie. This volunteer tourism are mostly made in the developing and under developed countries so that the social and environmental issues can be dealt which rose as a response to the Boxing day Tsunami that occurred in year 2006 and later the September 11 attacks. This way efforts are made to bring a level of understanding between people in different countries by investing in various humanitarian projects to support the development in the under developed countries (Wearing Gr abowski, 2011). A number of programs for placement of university students in countries like Fiji, Mexico and Vietnam has been developed in the recent years. This is due to the reason that these programs are meant to initiate and support the developing process in these countries by the young students of the western countries. The benefits that are tried to be achieved through these International Volunteering and Service initiatives includes education development, supporting development projects and increasing harmony among the western groups and people in the under developing country. This way various volunteers are selected for living a life time experience in the holidays that are meant to help the people in the under developed countries (Palacios, 2010). Tourism has become an essential business in every country. Through tourism various people in the country gets employment and therefore a chance to earn a good living. Due to this reason, efforts are made by the government of different countries to achieve a sustainable tourism in their respective country(Wong et al., 2014). This includes stimulating the travelers behavior so that they have an attractive and luxurious travel and do not feel reluctant to come to the country. The volunteer trips are rising in the United States as the volunteers wanted to move and support the people in the under developed country along with having a great time of holidays. The most popular volunteering program in the United States is One Million hours for Haiti (Cohan, 2010). The Canadian government has been making consistent efforts in sending nearly 8,500 volunteers to the developing and under developed nations since year 2004. The main objective behind is to help the local NGOs to cooperate in the development process and achieve operations of power and empowerment through the Voluntary Cooperation Programs (Laywine, 2013). The role of volunteers in the Volunteer Tourism program is therefore to act as a change agent. A pre-trip motivation is actually achieved in these volunteers so that they can perform the duty they are assigned along with having a memorable holiday in the under developed country. This way the volunteer tourist along with the volunteer tourism organization and host community come together to plan for a holiday that could benefit all these stakeholders. This way a cusp of opportunity is made available to the volunteer who hasto perform multiple tasks in the multiple locations in the host country which is both serving the community and enjoying holidays (Wearing McGhee, 2013). CVA or Conservation Volunteer Australia took various initiatives in the recent years to send volunteer tourist in North Queensland for supporting various volunteer projects. It was however observed the volunteer were actually tempted towards going to such volunteer projects because they wanted to meet new people, observe the natural environment and engage in an effort for saving environment. This way the volunteers motivation towards volunteer tourism helped in achieving the desired goal of offering assistance by the volunteer and enjoying holidays along (Pegg et al., 2014). Recently the volunteerism among the local community at the Blackwood River Valley in Western Australia has confirmed that people want to participate in the development projects. Although the lack of time and money hinders their progress, but they are inner motivated to make direct or indirect participation in the development projects that could result in development of the underdeveloped (Alonso Liu, 2013). A group of Grey Nomads has been in existence from last 50 years who work for the development in the rural areas of Australia. Thus by using range of skills and willingness to volunteer various community supporting projects these people have actually achieved the target of serving the humankind (Leonard Onyx, 2009). This way various doctors and scholars are sent to various rural places so that the projects of public welfare can be supported (Smith, 2009). STP plan for the Australian Tourist Market The STP or Segmentation, targeting and positioning plan through the Australian tourist market concentrates on the economic, environmental and social development of the host country. Thus the Volunteer tourism is meant to achieve development of the areas where the volunteers are sent. In our case the volunteers especially from university and colleges consisting of young Australians are sent to central Kalimantan, Indonesia so that the Orangutan foundation can be supported in terms of building fences and buildings to safeguard the orangutan in the forest. Also efforts are made to educate the people in this backward region. Finally the medical and financial assistance is provided to these people in the backward areas so that they can improve their life and could connect with the outside world considering the western culture caring for their concerns. On the other hand, the Indonesian Borneo tour helps in achieving a memorable holiday for the volunteers who are motivated towards meeting new people and making difference by serving environment and humanity as well(Jayachandran, 2004). The STP plan for the Australian tourist market is therefore described as below. Segmentation The customer segmentation is actually required to be done in the Australian tourist market because this can help in deciding on the person for sending on volunteer tours as per his capabilities. This way the Australian tourist market can be segmented on the following basis. 1. Demographics The demographic of the Australian tourist shows that the country has a huge number of applicants ready to become various tourism programs in Australia. The most of the volunteers are in age between 21-27 years including both male and females in equal number. This shows the motivational factor of meeting new people and seeking camaraderie. However there are still volunteers who want to work so that they can give back something to environment(Pegg et al., 2014). The volunteers of 21-27 age group people are best fit and ideal to be sent to the Orangutan foundation in Indonesia so that they could easily work in the wild environment along with the Orangutan. This way they could apply the youth fitness of their body to deal with the raw environment and earn a life time of an experience(Leonard Onyx, 2009). 2.Psychographics The psychographics of the Australian volunteers for tourism is observed to be different. That is, these volunteers look for cultural immersion through which they can meet new people. However others seek for camaraderie and earn experience. However there is no scarcity of volunteers who has a thought of giving back to the world. Finally there are volunteers who try to achieve bonding opportunities with the host country people so that they could achieve eternal peace(Laywine, 2013). The STP plan for Australian tourist as per the different psychographics will therefore will require selecting those volunteers who are looking for cultural immersion and desires to give back something to the world. These people will prove best for the work as they will whole heartedly and avoid any discretion from their respective target due to financial needs or any other discourse(Alonso Liu, 2013). 3. Geographical The Australian volunteer applies from various parts of Australia. Since the Orangutan foundation has to work in forest, therefore the volunteers should be selected from the area of Tasmania forest. This is so because the volunteers of this area will have in-born ability to adapt as per the forest environment(Palacios, 2010). The STP plan would therefore be selecting of the volunteers from Tasmania forest. As it would not difficult for them to work in the Indonesian Borneo forest for the fencing and building of structures to safeguard the Orangutan in the area, because of the similar background they are brought up in (Cohan, 2010). Targeting: A number of types of targeting techniques can be used for the selection of the Australian volunteers for the Orangutan Foundation noble cause. There are different types of targeting techniques which are as follows. 1. Undifferentiated targeting An undifferentiated targeting is done when the selection is made at the macro level without consideration factors and aftermath. Undifferentiated targeting cannot prove successful for sending the volunteers for supporting work of Orangutan foundation without any further considerations. This may result in problems and various health issues for the volunteers(Trevifio Brown, 2004). The STP plan for Australian volunteers would be to target volunteers and select after careful consideration of their background so that they can easily cope with the changed environment while sent on the expedition(Smith, 2014). 2. Concentrated targeting The concentrated targeting is method of mixing different kind of volunteers so that they can work together to facilitate each other and help in accomplishment of the desired goal from the Voluntary tourism plan. However the concentration is made of different kind of people with similar skills and abilities(Trevifio Brown, 2004). The STP plan for the Australian volunteers would not include any concentrated targeting method as this would not properly meet the required targets. Thus it will not be a wise decision to select from the concentrated targeting method for the volunteering tourism plan(Laudon Laudon, 2009). 3. Multi-segment targeting The multi-segment targeting results in gathering people from different backgrounds so that they could work efficiently and effectively as per there diverse skills to achieve the desired goal(Malhotra, 2002). The STP plan for Australian volunteers would work well when the people with different skills are selected from the nearby areas of Tasmanian forest. The different skills here include the ability to manage stay, work, prepare food and understand the flora and fauna. Thus the multi-segment targeting will effectively help in getting most appropriate outcome when the doctor, engineer, manager all of them work together for one desired objective(Wearing Grabowski, 2011). Positioning: The positioning of the Australian volunteers requires proper identification ofthe abilities and matching it with the requirements of the program so that only the fittest is allowed to be placed in that area(Jayachandran, 2004). The positioning therefore requires the following considerations. 1. Brand image The brand image of the Orangutan foundation is very good so there exist a number of volunteers in Australian tourist market who are interested in offering their services in the Indonesian region to safeguard the interest of the Orangutan. Also there are volunteers who want to work as educators in these areas(Wearing McGhee, 2013). The STP plan for the Australian tourist market therefore includes selecting of the most desirable volunteers out of the huge number of interested people. Thus it is not a point of concern with the already created and maintained brand image that positively motivates the volunteers in Australia to volunteer for the project meant to serve the main objectives of the Orangutan foundation(Wong et al., 2014). 2. Customer perceptions The customer perceptions stand for the thoughts and views of the people towards a specific brand. The customer perceptions in case of Australian Volunteers for tourism for Orangutan foundation are positive. People are interested and in fact always thrilled to see the wild life in their natural habitat(Leonard Onyx, 2009). The STP plans would therefore be to include the already motivated people who have positive perceptions about the volunteer tourism program. This way more can be expected than just delivery of responsibility from these volunteers(Cohan, 2010). 3. Competing products The competing products in our case study includes various other similar volunteering projects as saving wildlife like saving tiger, preserving environment like ensuring lesser output of industrial waste and gases to ozone layer and decrease global warming etc.(Pegg et al., 2014). The STP plans would be to attract more volunteers for the noble cause of Orangutan foundation using various strategic promotional activities. This includes advertising on television, dispersing pamphlets, displaying on boards and other hoardings. Thus the STP plan is to attract the maximum number of volunteers using the latest technological strategic promotional activities(Cohan, 2010). Conclusion In the end, the Orangutan foundation is working hard to achieve a definite level of conservation of wild life especially orangutan in the Indonesian region. The Australian Volunteer tourism is aiding the Orangutan foundation in achieving the targets(Alonso Liu, 2013). This way these organizations are trying to achieve the goal of securing life of Orangutan from poachers. Also they work together to build fences to secure the movement of the human being and orangutan in the region. However these organizations also work to ensure education delivery to the people in this region so that they could realize the role of the west in improving their life conditions(Cohan, 2010). This way a proper STP plan has been developed and discussed which explains about the related information of the Australian tourist market. Recommendations After going through the whole research work it is therefore recommended that the segmentation of the Australian tourist volunteers should be done after careful consideration of the psychographic, geography and demography of the Australian people. Also the target should be to place the right person for the right job. That is the selection from the volunteers should be made after reviewing the requirements of the project(Jayachandran, 2004). The most suitable volunteers are selected for the said project which brings in desired outcome and lesser of problems. Finally the positioning of the Orangutan foundation project is done carefully so that the maximum number of volunteers could apply for the project(Leonard Onyx, 2009). By use of various strategic promotional activities people from around the Australian continent can be tempted to join the project and work as volunteer for tourism so as to secure the orangutan in the Indonesian Borneo region where the Orangutan foundation is workin g(OrangutanFoundation, 2015). This way the Orangutan foundation will be able not only support the idea of saving orangutan but to recognize their habitat in the local and global communities so that the forests can be saved on which they are so dependent. Thus efforts are made in various directions including saving forest, preserving climate, delivering education along with the saving and recognition of the Orangutan habitat(OrangutanFoundation, 2015). References Alonso, A.D. Liu, Y., 2013. Local community, volunteering and tourism development: The case of the Blackwood river valley, Western Australia. Current Issues in Tourism., 16(1), pp.47-62. Cohan, A., 2010. Voluntourism: The Human Side of Sustainable Tourism. HVS, 1(1), pp.1-7. Jayachandran, S., 2004. Marketing Management. Excel Books India. Laudon, K.C. Laudon, J.P., 2009. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. 11th ed. Prentice Hall/CourseSmart. Laywine, N., 2013. Power and Empowerment within Canada's Volunteer Cooperation Program. Institute for the Study of International Development., 1(1), pp.1-27. Leonard, R. Onyx, J., 2009. Volunteer Tourism: The interests and motivations of grey nomads. Annals of Leisure Research., 12(3-4), pp.315-32. Malhotra, N.K., 2002. Basic Marketing Research: A Decision-Making Approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.: Prentice Hall. OrangutanFoundation, 2015. Orangutan Foundation Mission Statement. Palacios, C.M., 2010. Volunteer tourism, development and education in a postcolonial world; Conceiving in global connections beyond aid. Journal of Sustainable Tourism., 18(7), pp.861-78. Pegg, S., Patterson, I. Matsumoto, Y., 2014. Understanding the motivations of volunteers engaged in an alternative tourism experience in Northern Australia. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management., 21(7), pp.800-20. Smith, E.H.A., 2009. Invited paper: The long term perspective on volunteer tourism: A peronal reflection. Annals of Leisure research., 12(3-4), pp.272-76. Smith, K.A., 2014. Teamwork and project management.(Fourth Edition). McGraw-Hill Education. Trevifio, L.K. Brown, M.E., 2004. Managing to be ethical: Debunking five business ethics myths. Academy of Management Executive., 18(2), pp.69-81. Wearing, S. Grabowski, S., 2011. International Volunteer Tourism: One mechanism for development. Revista Migracoes - Numero Tematico Migrantes e Voluntariado., 9(1), pp.1445-165. Wearing, S. McGhee, N.G., 2013. Volunteer Tourism: A review. Tourism Management, 38(1), pp.120-30. Wong, J., Newton, J.D. Newton, F.J., 2014. Effects of power and individual-level cultural orientation on preferences for volunteer tourism. Tourism Management, 42(1), pp.132-40.